|
}} Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU; (ロシア語:Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова)) is a coeducational and public research university located in Moscow, Russia. It was founded on January 25, 1755 by Mikhail Lomonosov. MSU was renamed after Lomonosov in 1940 and was then known as ''Lomonosov University''. It also claims to house the tallest educational building in the world. Its current rector is Viktor Sadovnichiy. == History == Ivan Shuvalov and Mikhail Lomonosov promoted the idea of a university, and Russian Empress Elizabeth decreed its establishment on . The first lectures took place on April 26. Russians still celebrate January 25 as Students' Day. Saint Petersburg State University and Moscow State University engage in friendly rivalry over the title of Russia's oldest university. While Moscow State University dates from 1755, its St. Petersburg competitor has operated continuously as a "university" since 1819, and sees itself as the successor of the university established on January 24, 1724, by a decree of Peter the Great. The university originally occupied the Principal Medicine Store on Red Square from 1755 to 1787; Catherine the Great transferred it to a Neoclassical building on the other side of Mokhovaya Street. This main building was constructed between 1782 and 1793 in the Neo-Palladian style, designed by Matvei Kazakov, and rebuilt after the 1812 Fire of Moscow by Domenico Giliardi. In the 18th century, the university had three departments: philosophy, medicine, and law. A preparatory college was affiliated with the university before it was abolished in 1812. In 1779 Mikhail Kheraskov founded a boarding school for noblemen (Благородный пансион), which became a gymnasium for the Russian nobility in 1830. The university press, run by Nikolay Novikov in the 1780s, published the most popular newspaper in Imperial Russia — ''Moskovskie Vedomosti''. In 1804, medical education split into clinical (therapy), surgical, and obstetrics faculties. In 1884–1897 the Department of Medicine - supported by private donations, City Hall, and the national government - built an extensive, 1.6 kilometer long, state-of-the-art medical campus in Devichye Pole, between the Garden Ring and Novodevichy Convent. It was designed by , with university doctors like Nikolay Sklifosovskiy and Fyodor Erismann acting as consultants. The campus, and medical education in general, were separated from the university in 1918. Devichye Pole is operated by the independent I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University and by various other state and private institutions. The roots of student unrest reach deep into the 1800s. In 1905 a social-democratic organization emerged at the university and called for the overthrow of the tsar and for the establishment of a republic in Russia. The Tsarist government repeatedly threatened to close the university. In 1911, in a protest over the introduction of troops onto the campus and mistreatment of certain professors, 130 scientists and professors resigned ''en masse'', including prominent figures such as Nikolay Dimitrievich Zelinskiy, Pyotr Nikolaevich Lebedev, and Sergei Alekseevich Chaplygin. Thousands of students were expelled. After the October Revolution of 1917 the school began admitting proletariat and peasant children. In 1919 the university abolished tuition fees, and a preparatory facility was established to help working-class children prepare for entrance exams. During the implementation of Joseph Stalin's First Five-Year Plan (1928–1932), Gulag prisoners constructed parts of the university. Stalin would later ironically mock, repress, and imprison the intelligensia. After 1991 nine new faculties were established. In 1992 the university gained a unique status: it is funded directly from the state budget (bypassing the Ministry of Education), which provides a significant level of independence. On September 6, 1997 the French electronic musician Jean Michel Jarre, whom the mayor of Moscow had specially invited to perform, used the entire front of the university as the backdrop for a concert. The frontage served as a giant projection screen, while fireworks, lasers, and searchlights were all launched from various points around the building. The stage stood directly in front of the building, and the concert, titled "The Road To The 21st Century" in Russia (but renamed "Oxygen In Moscow" for worldwide video/DVD release) attracted a world-record crowd of 3.5 million people. On March 19, 2008, Russia's most powerful supercomputer to date, the SKIF MSU ((ロシア語:СКИФ МГУ); ''skif'' in Russian means "Scythian") was launched at the university. Its peak performance of 60 TFLOPS (LINPACK - 47.170 TFLOPS) make it the fastest supercomputer in the CIS.〔 (8th edition of the Top 50 list of the most powerful computers in Russia released | TOP500 Supercomputing Sites ). Top500.org (2008-04-16). Retrieved on 2011-10-29.〕〔 (News ) 〕〔 (Новости KM.RU. В МГУ запустили мощнейший в СНГ компьютер ). Km.ru (2008-03-20). Retrieved on 2011-10-29. 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Moscow State University」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|